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Dry Wall Screw:

Dry wall screws are best for installing drywall to metal studs. When working with 1/2-inch drywall panels, use 1-1/4 or 1-3/8-inch nails or screws. When working with 5/8-inch drywall panels, use 1-3/8-inch or 1-5/8-inch screws. In most cases, securing drywall will require fewer screws than nails. Coarse-thread of drywall screws work best for most applications involving drywall and wood studs. Wide threads of dry wall screws are good at gripping into the wood and pulling the drywall against the studs. 

General:

Dry wall screw were originally invented to hang drywall but are now used by many people as an all-purpose fastener. Dry wall screw can sometimes be used in place of wood screws but they do have their limitations. Vice versa for wood screws. Dry wakk screws over existing walls is very similar to hanging drywall in a new construction setting. The most notable difference is that you can‘t see the studs to know where to put your screws. The screws should only penetrate the wood 5/8 to 3/4 in. Any deeper and they’ll be prone to popping later. For a speedier job, take a tip from the pros and tack the perimeter of the sheets with several ring-shank drywall nails to hold it.

Your drywall should end on stud or be butted up in the center with another piece of drywall. Either cut your drywall or add more studs. There is absolutely nothing wrong with 17-19″ on center which sounds like about 3 studs per sheet. I have run into this with old houses

Machine Screw:

Machine screws, also sometimes referred to as machine bolts, are normally smaller than the average screw. They usually range in sizes up to ¾ of an inch (19.05 mm), but can still come in larger variations.

A screw is powered by the movement of the screw driver. It converts this rotational force (called torque) into up and down force. A screw’s power depends on how close together the threads are and how far away from the center of the screw force is applied. You can get more power by making the threads closer together.

General:

machine screws are often found in sizes of: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14—the larger the number, the larger the screw. Machine screws, but especially caps screws and bolts, can range from 1/4 inch up to 3 inches or more.  A metal screw with a sharp point designed to attach two pieces of wood together. Wood screws are commonly available with flat, pan or oval-heads. Therefore a wood screw generally has a partially unthreaded shank below the head. Generally there are many other examples of screws including the grooves on a jar or soda bottle lids, the end of light bulbs, water faucets and hoses, bottle caps, some ink pens, gas tank caps on cars, and many others. As with all simple machines like the screw, they are designed to help make work easier to do.

Screws:

They have a corkscrew-shaped ridge, known as a thread, wrapped around a cylinder. The head is specially shaped to allow a screwdriver or wrench to grip the screw when driving it in. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together  such as wood  and to position objects. Screws are often self-threading (also known as self-tapping) where the thread cuts into the material when the screw is turned. Creating an internal thread that helps pull fastened materials together and prevent pull-out. There are many screws for a variety of materials; those commonly fastened by screws include wood, sheet metal, and plastic.

General:

A screw is a combination of simple machines—it is, in essence, an inclined plane wrapped around a central shaft, but the inclined plane (thread) also comes to a sharp edge around the outside, which acts a wedge as it pushes into the fastened material, and the shaft and helix also form a wedge in the form of the point. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a female thread (internal thread), often in the form of a nut, or object that has the internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads are designed to cut a helical groove in a softer material as the screw is inserted. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects.

There is no universally accepted distinction between a screw and a bolt. A simple distinction that is often true, although not always, is that a bolt passes through a substrate and takes a nut on the other side, whereas a screw takes no nut because it threads directly into the substrate (a screw screws into something, a bolt bolts several things together). So, as a general rule, when buying a packet of “screws”, nuts would not be expected to be included, but bolts are often sold with matching nuts.

Self Drilling Screw:

A Self–Drilling Screw is a Self-Tapping Screw with the added feature of a drill point. Generally this drill point looks a lot like the point of a drill. It will drill a hole and form the mating threads in one operation.  If a screw will drill its own hole. A drill bit and sharp cutting threads that tap the hole during installation. Self drilling screws are a commonly used variety of screw for quick drilling into both metal and wood.

General:

How it is measured: Whereas Flat head, countersunk screws are flat on the top of the head. They are measured from the top of the head to the tip. From that point to the tip is the length of the screw. Measured all the way to the end of the drill point tip.

Self–Drilling: Similar to the self–tapping, it has a drill shaped point which allows it to cut through thick and hard material without having to drill a pilot hole. Self-Piercing: Moreover screw has the ability to pierce the material at sharp angles. Between 25 to 30 degrees at high speeds. While thread-cutting screws are used when working with wood or metal – and one downside to using thread-cutting screws is that the threads could strip as the application is taken apart. This may prevent you reusing the fastener on a future project

Self Tapping Screws (Coach Screw):

Self-tapping screws (Coach Screw) have a wide range of tip and thread patterns. And are available with almost any possible screw head design. Self Tapping screws and wood screws common features are the screw thread covering the whole length of the screw from tip to head. And a pronounced thread hard enough for the intended substrate, often case hardened.

Self-tapping screws can be divided into two classes. Those that displace material (especially plastic and thin metal sheets) without removing it are termed thread-forming self-tapping screws. Self-tappers with sharp cutting surfaces that remove the material as they are inserted are termed thread-cutting.

General:

Moreover Self–tapping screws are typically used to secure wood, plastic, metal and brick together. There are two types of self–tapping screws, thread-forming and thread-cutting. Thread-forming: Before you can use these screws you will need to drill a pilot hole as the screw itself does not contain a pointed tip.

Generally Wood screws are typically available in shorter threading, usually up to an inch. … As the name suggests, self–tapping screws are designed to drill their own pilot hole while they are driven into the material. Self–tapping screws are usually designed for metal materials. Among the many materials wood screws are made from — brass, bronze, aluminum, etc. — steel screws are the most useful for woodworking and interior DIY projects. They’re strong, affordable and readily available in a vast range of sizes. But old-fashioned tapered steel wood screws can be a pain to use.